As the position, the creators and interpreters of foreign direct benefits as well as unobtrusively suggest Russian readers: Take a book, replace the form and its information table and you get a great business project. The popular about our translation as manual
But must be adapted or translated written based on these techniques, provided if they reflected real-world experience in a market economy, in which Russian companies only just again want to login? Are business plans, in particular, modernization of the plant then and in this place have the right to a fundamentally different? There is very reason to calculate that now the difference between them cause particular business environment in different countries.
What connects the notion of the business environment? Essential elements are:
* The legal framework;
* System-laws;
* Standardization system;
* Regulatory and methodological support of the internal operations of enterprises in the form of organizational and administrative documentation;
* Business customs, ie those established and widely used in business practice, rules of conduct are not established by law and even, perhaps, is not enshrined in any or document, but does not contradict the mandatory to the participants of the economic relations of the norms of legislation or treaties.
Comparison of these components, in particular, for the sake of Russia and the U.S., convincing evidence that it is the U.S. business environment is different from the business environment in Russia as if the atmosphere from the water masses: they are like birds flying through the air smoothly, we are all the same as if the fish floating in water. So, at what time the Russians offered to adopt Western techniques as well as other recipes efficient behavior not adapted to conditions in Russia, it is about the same thing as now taught to fly fish.
In Western business plans connected again a problem. Offering a distinct structure of the document, not the same analytical form, the practical benefits, like position, argue that now, so this variation is suitable to develop a business plan for any specific project. Some of our fellow citizens are asking why the same in the West, if then gained a sort of vast experience, does not amount to a single standard form for the purpose of any projects. Foreign sources to the question does not respond, although the answer is simple: of course not and will not likely be a universal project as well as the identity of sources of funds, but it seems a common template of business plan.
Different types of businesses typically require a reflection of the business plans completely (or largely) non-identical information in different forms. Compare, in particular the development and formulation of the production of new types of aircraft and the organization of a very small private salon. In both cases, specialists, now involved in projects, can turn into a commercial bank. What specific forms of business plans are eligible to be filled in these various cases? Who is forced to define it?
Of course, himself a commercial bank. Its specialists have the right to require the proponent to implement projects thus providing information that allows the debate about the profitability for the bank to connect to the funding of the project and evaluate all of the major risk factors.
Another frequently occurring mistakes made by developers of business plans - the wrong cognition of what aspects that are measured in such a document is crucial. Usually the set of forces is expended on the development of sections
Serious and common mistake to calculate the relative low quality of the original market research conducted.
What causes errors? They are a little bit, and they, like position, occur simultaneously.
Firstly, the development of the marketing section is entrusted to people not having special training in this area, usually leading experts PEO or one of the production units. They take us has become a classic book about F. Kotler 4 or other similar publications as well as through some time bring finished section in a business project. In this case, neither they nor the task of this work can not possibly evaluate it objectively.
Secondly, these workers, as though the situation does not have time to sort out what is called marketing. They are hard to comprehend that it is marketing - it has not orderly theory, but as if a certain outcome of the knowledge contained in books, the creators of which, having achieved good results in business, personal personal empirical experience, private practice marketing dream trying to express in the form theoretical postulates. So often after reading a few books of Western Russian specialists are losing the ability to what-or to understand and act in terms of marketing, does not know to whom the creators are allowed to build.
Thirdly, a normally operating companies, marketing is not so much the concern of individual professionals, as a result of joint efforts, including intelligence, only human resources firm. It is normal, what any professional who is able to acquire some or useful information about competitors or their products, trying to make it into the marketing database of his company.
Fourth, poor service is the Russians their experience in the planning and distribution economics and the lack of objective, adopted in developed market countries notions of competitiveness, competitiveness of the company strategy, competitive environment and competitive advantages.
But the most dangerous mistake of the developers is their lack of understanding of the interests of the investor or lender and their psychology.
What is lacking in foreign structures BUSINESS PLANS
For the new Russian conditions of fundamental importance to answer the question of how the model adopted in the West, the structure of business plans suitable for development of business plans in Russia? Analysis of a large number of overseas development methodologies of business plans allows for them to show the typical structure that contains the following sections:
1. Account of the objectives of
2. Brief description of business
3. Analysis of market
4. Products (services)
5. Organization of production
6. Investment climate as well as risks
7. Competition
8. Sales of products
9. Management and personnel
10. Financing
11. Applications
As far as this structure is suitable for making Russian business plans? That way, in our time in Russia is allowed to observe the attempts to create new companies smoothly to produce passenger cars. As the position of their proponents are trying to draw a reliable exotic capital, but without whose hard enough. The main opinion seems now to make an entertaining western standards to investors the business-production design and implementation of good cars are not problematic. But this is only the main eye.
When foreign businessmen will give a similar business project their experts, so the first will be the question on the consumer properties of future cars. However, our cognition of quality as well as their attitude toward him well known. They know what it is about us accustomed
Therefore, in the Russian business plan, its developers certainly have a right to present what they know about us current issue of quality as well as they know, as if it is allowed to resolve in this investment project. Therefore, this is one of the principal differences between Russian business plan from the west.
The second major issue - cost. The experts know what to investigate the actual cost of production, working previously in the economy with a system devised by the price, not good wage employment as well as barbaric attitude to the resources around us are not accustomed to. And also so far the stronger can not hardly do not control production costs, together with a view to bringing it to continue until the desired level. Not for nothing Methods of Value analysis (FCA) that way and not find mass application in domestic production. In the West, as a practical cost management - Full-natural. Therefore, another fundamental difference between Russian business plan from the west is in this case that it is now, developers have the right to portray what they know, as if to cope with the management cost for this project as well as in the state must ensure its degree.
Finally, 3 question (provided if the answers to the previous 2-wa - positive) - the ability of the Russians, offering participation in the project, implement it in practice. Here, have a value in the first place, personal qualities and experience production managers who undertake the project implementation, in the second, the depth and clarity of vision of the future of the case in detail.
In the western business environment all the above aspects taken to comply unconditionally, as if for granted. Therefore, they usually do not highlighted in special sections. In Russia, the relevant sections should be made to the business plans, as investors need to be complete clarity exactly on all three aspects.
RECOMMENDED STRUCTURE OF RUSSIAN BUSINESS PLAN
Thus, Western techniques develop business plans can not be applied one by one for Russian conditions as a result of other significant business environment. This raises the need to complement the Western model structure of business plans, exactly, at least, three important sections in which the creators have the right to represent:
* Adequate cognition problems of quality and the ability (skill) of its decision;
* The ability to provide acceptable competitiveness through competent management cost;
* A clear dream of improving business prospects and ability to communicate begun work until the end.
As a result, adapted to Russian conditions of business project gets the following structure:
1. The objectives of the
2. Brief description of business
3. Analysis of market
4. Products (services)
5. Organization of production
6. Investment climate as well as risks
7. Achieving the necessary quality
8. Competitiveness
9. Sales of products
10. Management and personnel
11. Financing
12. Business efficiency and possible perspectives
13. Applications
The structure of Russian business plan differs from the typical western by the inclusion of sections 7 and 12 as well as changes in the content of section 8 (it is added to an in-depth review of management capacity production costs). It is important in this case that is now proposed structure does not contradict to the needs of western business plans, since it possesses all the main decisions taken in the western part of the practice, as well as in the same time it is added as well adapted to the least severe of the Russian business environment.
The situation on the investment market
Free capital market investments move together, taking into account a number of objective factors in a direction more favorable attachment sites. Among these factors - economic growth, creditworthiness and competitiveness of the country (region) or industry, integrated risk assessment of investments and others Nobody in the world not obliged to invest denyuzhku so in this draft. Everything depended on its profitability, correlated with risky investments.
There is a widespread view that it is investing in Russian projects - employment is extremely risky. Talking about poor investment climate in Russia - not curiosity, is the only way it really? In that case, what the foreign investors as well as their experts advantageous to understate the estimate Russian investment climate, it is understandable - who is great risk, that is likely to claim an impressive income as to adequate compensation. But there is clearly a legitimate integral evaluation Russian investment climate, which foreign experts deduce according to their methods, comparing Russia with Iraq, Nigeria, Venezuela and other countries? It seems that just such a study as well as a sort of evaluation to Russia as a whole is actually of course not.
Russia - a huge country, which has 89 regions, the business environment in which substantially different and much depends on the local chief. Therefore, he who claims that now in Russia there is any way the investment climate assessment, which must be taken into account when lending to a specific investment project, thus the same rights as if the doctor attempting to cure the patient based on the average hospital, according to body temperature.
Developing a business project to realize their investment project, must describe the investment climate is therefore the purpose of this project, which exists in this region of the country. Necessary to represent and submit all arguments are positive as well as attractive factors. Cheating investors, even if in small things, not assume. The developer has to understand that it is the assessment of investment attractiveness of the project depends crucially on the ability to provide its investors in a business plan, but quite far from those expressed in any location, as well as anyone since the general estimates of the investment climate in Russia.
Developers need to plug in their own sections of the business plans of all that is considered necessary and useful, bearing in mind that the strict state standards or to form a business plan, nor the nature of its sections in Russia may not be any life. However, it seems, and does not need it. Develop the business, its creation process and the organization, developing a methodology of planning projects. Therefore, the concept of will always refer to any in this case a particular point in time.
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